大學(xué)英語考試寫作技巧

　　大學(xué)英語四六級考試中，要想在寫作上拿高分，關(guān)鍵在于句型和用詞。句型涉及到語法，詞匯涉及到初級詞匯和高級詞匯。適當(dāng)?shù)赜脧?fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu)和高級詞匯將有助于幫你得到高分。下面來介紹一些英語四六級考試當(dāng)中的寫作技巧，希望對您有所幫助!

　　一、記敘文的定義

　　記敘文也稱敘述文，是一種以敘述的手法來呈現(xiàn)人物活動及事件過程的體裁。

　　故事、游記、通訊、新聞報道(消息)、歷史、 人物傳記、日記和回憶錄等都屬于記敘文的范疇。

　　記敘文大致可以分為以記人為主的記敘文和以敘事為主的記敘文。

　　前者主要是對人物的經(jīng)歷、活動或者性格特征進(jìn)行敘述;后者則是對某一事件的發(fā)生、發(fā)展過程和結(jié)果進(jìn)行敘述。

　　二、記敘文的六大要素

　　記敘文的寫作涉及到六大要素，即五個W和一個H：時間(when)、地點(diǎn)(where)、人物(who)、事件(what)、原因(why)和結(jié)果(how);也可以將這六大要素概括為時間(time)、地點(diǎn)(place)、 人物( character)、事件的原因(cause)、經(jīng)過(process)和結(jié)果( effect)。

　　三、記敘文的行文方式

　　一般來講，記敘文應(yīng)具有包括開頭，主體和結(jié)尾在內(nèi)的完整結(jié)構(gòu), 尤其是必須有情節(jié)發(fā)展的過程。

　　作者應(yīng)該像電影導(dǎo)演一樣盡可能安排起伏和精彩的內(nèi)容，在矛盾的產(chǎn)生和解決過程中凸現(xiàn)出誘發(fā)、發(fā)展到高潮的完整過程。

　　此外，在敘述過程中為完整展現(xiàn)前面述及的六要素，還需要插入生動活潑的人物場景描寫和清晰細(xì)致的動作表情刻畫。

　　四、記敘文的寫作要領(lǐng)

　　基于英語的語法和詞匯特點(diǎn)，寫作英語記敘文時應(yīng)掌握以下要領(lǐng)：

　　1.時態(tài)

　　由于記敘文是描述過去的語境，記敘發(fā)生過的事件，所以比較多使用包括一般過去時、過去完成時、過去進(jìn)行時在內(nèi)的過去時態(tài)。

　　但是，在很多情況下由于客觀描述的需要，事件或人物描述的背景從過去轉(zhuǎn)到現(xiàn)在，現(xiàn)在時的使用不可避免。

　　還有的時候，為了襯托人物的個性，直觀地表現(xiàn)人物的思想感情，需要運(yùn)用對話的方式。

　　而人物對話需要用直接引語，時態(tài)的選擇又需要依托現(xiàn)在語境。

　　這樣，事件的時間線索就顯得尤為重要，要求寫作者有較強(qiáng)的“時間領(lǐng)悟能力”，駕馭寫作過程中的時態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換。

　　例如：

　　Wang Nan, a world champion in ping-pong, is 1.

　　62 meter tall with the weight of 54 kilograms.

　　She was born in Liaoning Province in October 1978.

　　She began to play ping-pong at the age of seven.

　　She played in Liaoning Team for three years before she came to the national team in 1993.

　　She trained hard and got along well with her teammates.

　　Wang Nan has won scores of gold medals in international table-tennis games and won great honor for our motherland.

　　She likes surfing the internet, and enjoys chatting with friends online.

　　在這篇短文中，第一句是客觀描述，介紹王楠的基本情況，用一般現(xiàn)在時。

　　第二、三句介紹她的成長經(jīng)歷，用的是過去時。

　　最后兩句敘說她所取得的成就，又轉(zhuǎn)換到現(xiàn)在語境，用現(xiàn)在完成時。

　　2.人稱

　　人稱的運(yùn)用也是記敘文的一個特點(diǎn)。

　　第一人稱(First-person Narrator)是寫作者以當(dāng)事人的口氣來敘述，是一種主觀表現(xiàn)手法，給讀者一種親切自然的感覺。

　　由于作者是以敘述親身經(jīng)歷的方式表達(dá)自己的思想情感，更能引起讀者共鳴。

　　例如：

　　The other day, I was driving along the street.

　　Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast.

　　I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side.

　　But it was too late.

　　The car hit my bike and I fell off it.

　　It was really a bad day for me.

　　第三人稱(Third-person Narrator)是寫作者從旁觀者的角度來敘述事件，是客觀的表現(xiàn)手法，能夠充分反映事件中各個人的感受與見解，從整體的視角來敘述事件。

　　例如：

　　It was about nine o’clock on one Saturday evening in May.

　　Sam was lying in bed, trembling with cold and having a cough.

　　His head was aching so intensely that he kept groaning.

　　His forehead felt very hot.

　　We took his temperature.

　　It was 38.

　　5℃。

　　3.動詞使用的連貫性

　　為了刻畫人物個性，表現(xiàn)真情實(shí)感，記敘文經(jīng)常需要使用動詞來突出過程與變化。

　　在許多動作交替出現(xiàn)的情況下，一定要注意動詞使用的連貫性，使文字表達(dá)簡潔明了，一氣呵成。

　　下面一段接著上文記敘了薩姆生病后作者送他去醫(yī)院的過程，動詞使用得相當(dāng)連貫。

　　Without hesitation, I dialed “120”.

　　It was not long before an ambulance arrived.

　　One roommate brought a blanket for him, and another helped him in the ambulance.

　　范文與評析

　　范文 1

　　My Best Friend

　　Upon reading the expression “best friend”, a figure Jumps into my mind-Zhang Ye, my schoolmate in senior high school.

　　During the three years in high school, we shared countless moments of laughter and tears, joy and sorrow.

　　She is of medium height and slim figure.

　　Though not strong, she is really a girl with amazing perseverance.

　　Despite the similarities in our outlook on life and living, it is always she, the physically weaker one, who encouraged and urged me to finish some tasks when I was about to give up.

　　When we were preparing for the National Entrance Exam, she cheered me up emotionally and gave me a hand whenever I was in trouble.

　　After the exam, she got enrolled by Tsinghua University in Beijing while I came to a college in the South of China.

　　For the past several years, we have been in touch to share everything we have been experiencing, sad or happy, dull or exciting.

　　Without a doubt, Zhang Ye is really a true friend of mine.

　　The relationship between us can melt the ice in our hearts and blow away the mist on our minds.

　　I believe the friendship between us will be the life-time beacon for both of us.

　　評析：這是一篇典型的人物記敘文。

　　第一段總括了兩人關(guān)系。

　　第二段通過對具體事例的敘述將人物的性格特點(diǎn)表現(xiàn)得淋漓盡致，也豐富了best friend這個稱謂的具體內(nèi)涵。

　　最后一段作者陳述了自己對友誼真諦的感悟，使文章的主題得到升華。

　　而其中所使用的句式和詞匯(melt the ice in one’s heart; blow away the mist on one’s mind)也展示了作者的語言功底。

　　范文2 An Unforgettable Experience

　　Wisdom Counts

　　There was an unforgettable happening when I was in senior high school.

　　It made me understand that wisdom counts.

　　On one weekend, I went home from school by bus.

　　It was bitterly crowded there.

　　Unintentionally, I noticed a hand tying to fetch the wallet from a woman’s bag which had an unfastened zipper.

　　I didn’t dare to tell the woman the truth, because I was scared of being revenged.

　　“What should I do?” I asked myself and searched the answer quickly through my mind.

　　Suddenly, I hit on a good idea.

　　I screamed to myself, “My wallet was lost! Someone stole my wallet!” As I said so, I pretended to be looking for my wallet.

　　Almost all the people on the bus began to give great care to their pockets or bags.

　　Being in panic, the pickpocket eventually failed to reach the woman’s bag.

　　He had to get down at the next stop with an angry look.

　　Many years later, I still cannot help smiling when I recall this experience.

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