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非謂語動詞總結
總結是對取得的成績、存在的問題及得到的經驗和教訓等方面情況進行評價與描述的一種書面材料,它在我們的學習、工作中起到呈上啟下的作用,因此我們要做好歸納,寫好總結。你所見過的總結應該是什么樣的?下面是小編收集整理的非謂語動詞總結,僅供參考,大家一起來看看吧。
非謂語動詞總結 篇1
非謂語動詞主要包括不定式、動名詞和現在分詞。
為了區分這三種不同的非謂語動詞的用法和含義,我們將分別從三種非謂語動詞在句子中做主語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語、狀語、表語以及一些特殊結構句型等角度來區分其用法和細微含義。
1.不定式和動名詞作主語的區別
(1)動名詞作主語通常表示抽象動作;而不定式作主語表示具體動作。
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.這里禁止抽煙。
(抽象)
It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽這么多煙對你身體很不好。
(具體)
(2)動名詞作主語時,通常用以表示一件已知的事或經驗。
不定式短語通常用來表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。
(經驗)
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰時刻開車令人厭煩。
(經驗)
(3)不定式做主語,一般用it當形式主語,把作主語的不定式短語后置。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
2.不定式、動名詞和分詞作表語的區別
(1)不定式作表語
1)不定式作表語一般表示具體動作,特別是表示將來的動作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither.--次做兩件事等于未做。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建議是立刻開始干。
(2)如果主語是不定式(表示條件),表語也是不定式(表示結果)。
To see is to believe.百聞不如一見。
To work means to earn a living.工作就是為了生活。
(3)如果主語是以aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等為中心的名詞,或以what引導的名詞性從句,不定式作表語是對主語起補充說明 作用。
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.他的`希望是在不遠的將來買一輛豪華轎車。
The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant.
(2)動名詞作表語:動名詞作表語,表示抽象的一般性的行為。
Our work is serving the people.我們的工作是為人民服務。
His hobby is collecting stamps.他的愛好是集郵。
注:動名詞作表語時與進行時態中的現在分詞形式相同,但其所屬結構迥異,進行時態說明動作是由主語完成的。
動名詞做表語,說明主語的性質或情況。
People cannot but feel puzzled, for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected.
(3)分詞作表語
分詞做表語有兩種情況,一種是現在分詞做表語,一種是過去分詞做表語,這兩者區別是考試中經?嫉降牡胤。
一般來說,表示心理狀態的動詞如excite, interest等都是及物動詞,漢語意思不是“激動”,“高興”,而是“使激動”、“使高興”,因而現在分詞應該是“令人激動的”、“令人高興的”,過去分詞則是“感到激動的”和“感到高興的”。
所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。
換句話說,若人對……感興趣,就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有興趣時,就是說sb./sth. is interesting.
這類詞常見的有:
interesting使人感到高興--interested感到高興的
exciting令人激動的--excited感到激動的
The argument is very convincing.他的論點很令人信服。
They were very excited at the news.聽到這個消息,他們非常激動。
3.不定式和動名詞作賓語的區別
英語中大多數動詞既可跟不定式,也可跟動名詞作直接賓語,但有些動詞要求:
(1)不定式做賓語和賓語補足語
1)下面的動詞要求不定式做賓語
attempt企圖 enable能夠 neglect忽視
2)下面的動詞要求不定式做賓補:動詞+賓語+動詞不定式
ask要求,邀請 get請,得到 prompt促使
非謂語動詞總結 篇2
一、非謂語動詞的概念
動詞的基本用法是作謂語。
當句中已經有了謂語動詞了,要選或要填的動詞就只能用非謂語形式了。
非謂語形式有三種:
1、動詞不定式:to do
2、動詞的ing : doing
3、 動詞的過去分詞:done
二、三種形式的含義(基本用法)
不定式:表示目的和將來;動詞的ing:表示主動和進行;過去分詞:表示被動和完成。
三、非謂語動詞的否定形式
在非謂語動詞前加not, never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing
四、非謂語動詞的復合結構
不定式的`復合結構:for / of sb. to do sth.
動詞 ing 形式的復合結構:賓格或所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主語時,用的所有格+doing)
五、非謂語動詞的做題步驟
1、判定是否用非謂語形式。
方法:看看句子中是否已有了謂語動詞了
2、找非謂語動詞的邏輯主語。
方法:非謂語動詞的邏輯主語一般是句子的主語。
3、判斷主被動關系。
方法:非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語的主動還是被動關系。
4、判斷時間關系。
方法:分析句子,看看非謂語動詞所表示的動作發生在謂語動作之前、之后還是同時。
之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同時常用doing.
學習非謂語形式時,建議把三種形式一起來比較學習,會更加有效一些。
一、非謂語動詞作主語和表語的比較
1、不定式和動名詞作主語和表語
a. 不定式表示一次性的、具體的動詞。
動詞ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或習慣性的動作。
如:
________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk
(分析) a good form 暗示泛指一般的行為,用動名詞作主語,選 B
b. 不定式作主語時,常用it 作形式主語,即用句型:It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.
It’s important for us to learn English well.
It’s kind of you to help us.
注意:下面幾個句型是用動名詞:
It’s no good / use doing sth.
It’s useless doing sth.
There is no need to do sth.
2、不定式、動名詞、分詞作表語的比較
1、不定式、動名詞作表語,.表示主語的內容。
如:
My job is teaching / to teach English. (teaching / to teach English 是my job的內容)
Knowing who we are means knowing what we like to do. (主表語要用同一種形式)
2、 分詞作表語
記住:一些表示情感、情緒的動詞,常用分詞形式作表語。
現在分詞表示主語的性質特征,用過去分詞表示主語的狀態。
常用動詞:surprise (使某人吃驚), surprising (令人吃驚), surprised (主語)感到吃驚)類似動詞有:excite (激動),astonish (驚奇),shock (震驚),scare (驚恐), disappoint (失望),move (感動),
如:The movie is exciting. We are excited at the news.
3、 在seem / appear (似乎,好像), prove / turn out (被證明是), remain (仍然是,尚待)等連系動詞后,可用不定式作表語。
如:He seemed (to be ) very happy.
非謂語動詞總結 篇3
一、不定式
動詞不定式是動詞的一種非謂語形式,沒有人稱和數的變化,不能單獨作句子的謂語。其構成形式為"to 動詞原形"
動詞不定式作主語
1. It's our duty to clean the room every day.
2. To teach English is my favorite.
動詞不定式作賓語
1. He wants to buy some vegetables.
2. Don't forget to bring your homework with you when you come to school.
3. He found it very difficult to fall asleep.
。酆單觯菰趙ant,like,agree,hope,wish,learn,begin,start,seem,decide,hate,choose,forget,remember等動詞后面,可以接不定式作賓語。如果其后接形容詞補足語時,則可以用it作形式賓語,而把作真正賓語的不定式放到后面。
動詞不定式作賓語補足語
1. Robert often asks us to help him with his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.
2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends to cook Chinese food.
。酆單觯莶欢ㄊ娇梢杂米髻e語補足語。后面可以接不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有:ask,teach,expect,tell,allow等。
動詞不定式作狀語
1. She went to see her teacher.
2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best to learn English well.
。酆單觯輌o,come,try,do / try one's best等動詞或短語動詞作謂語時,其后常?梢越硬欢ㄊ阶髂康臓钫Z。
動詞不定式作定語
1. Would you like something to drink?
2. I have a lot of homework to do.
3. He is not an easy man to get on with.
。酆單觯莶欢ㄊ阶鞫ㄕZ時,常放在被修飾的詞語之后,與被修飾的詞語為邏輯上的主謂關系或動賓關系;如果不定式的動詞是不及物動詞,其后要加上必要的介詞或副詞,構成的短語動詞相當于及物動詞。
不帶to的動詞不定式
1. We saw him enter the building and go upstairs.
2. So much work usually makes them feel very tired.
3. Your father is sleeping. You'd better not wake him up.
4. I was made to do my homework in the afternoon.
[簡析]1.在see,watch,hear,feel, notice等感官動詞和make,have,let等使役動詞后面作賓語補足語的不定式不帶to.但是在被動語態中,作主語補足語的不定式要帶to(let沒有被動語態)。2.在"had better"后面接不帶to的不定式。
某些動詞后面接不定式和接動詞-ing形式的區別
remember to do(記住去做) remember doing(記得做過
forget to do(忘記去做) forget doing(忘記做過)
try to do(設法做) try doing(試著做)
go on to do(接著做另一事) go on doing(繼續做同一事)
stop to do(停下來去做) stop doing(停止做)
can’t help to do(不能幫助做) can’t help doing(情不自禁做)
動詞不定式的被動式
The new hospital to be built is near the factory.
二、動詞的'-ing形式既包括動名詞又包括現在分詞
動名詞是由動詞原形+ ing 構成,同現在分詞形式一樣,在句中可作主語,賓語,表語和定語。
1) 動名詞作主語:Talking like that is not polite.
Learning from others is important . Putting on more clothes is not so good .
2) 動名詞作表語The nurse's job is looking after the patients. Seeing is believing.
3)動名詞作賓語有些動詞須用動名詞來作賓語,它們是begin, mind, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy,
miss, keep. Practice等
Please stop smoking in the house. I like reading in the forest.
4)動名詞作定語She is studying in the reading room.
現在分詞的用法:
1) 做表語:He was very amusing. That book was rather boring.
exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling.
2) 作定語:a developing country a flying bird
There are a few boys swimming in the river. There is a car waiting outside.
3) 作狀語:
現在分詞短語可以表示一個同時發生的次要的或伴隨的動作:
Following Tom, we started to climb the mountain.
現在分詞短語還可以表示原因, 相當于一個原因狀語從句:
Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.
現在分詞短語還可以表示時間, 相當于一個時間狀語從句:
Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
4)作賓補:現在分詞在一些動詞之后可以做賓語的補語:
例如, see, hear, catch, find, keep , have 等.
I see him passing my house every day. I caught him stealing things in that shop.
2.過去分詞的用法:
1) 作表語:We were so bored. She felt confused,
2) 作定語:cooked food a written report fried eggs boiled water
3)作狀語:
Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent. They came in, followed by some children.
4)作賓補:過去分詞也同樣可以作賓語的補語,接在某些動詞后面
I will have the clothes washed tomorrow. When they get back home, they found the room robbed.
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